Urban air quality monitoring is of paramount importance for public health and environmental sustainability. Traditional ground-based monitoring networks often provide limited spatial coverage and temporal resolution. As a result, remote sensing technologies have emerged as powerful tools for collecting comprehensive data on air pollutants across ur

Urban air quality monitoring is a critical challenge in the modern world. Remote sensing technologies offer a unique and increasingly valuable tool for measuring air pollution at both local and regional scales. Satellite-based sensors can detect atmospheric pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and ozone, providing timely data on